Raphael Carmo · Managing Partner, 4D World China opens to Brazilian bovine gallstones Key Takeaways ▸ China signed a protocol opening its market to Brazilian bovine gallstones. ▸ Gallstones are the raw material behind niu huang, prized in Chinese medicine. ▸ Only a small fraction of ca... China Pharma Rendering Trade Policy 30 jul 2026
Raphael Carmo · Managing Partner, 4D World The World Runs on Heparin — and It's Rethinking Where It Comes From Key Takeaways ▸ Most heparin is made from pig intestinal mucosa, a by-product of pork processing. ▸ China supplies the majority of the world's crude heparin, creating concentrated supply-chain risk. ▸... China Pharma United States 19 jul 2026
Raphael Carmo · Managing Partner, 4D World Gelatin: the invisible ingredient in almost everything Key Takeaways ▸ Gelatin is collagen partly broken down and purified into a protein. ▸ It gels when cool and melts when warm, a reversible, versatile trick. ▸ Gelatin makes up roughly 66.4% of the coll... Food Pharma Prices & Markets Rendering 16 jul 2026
Raphael Carmo · Managing Partner, 4D World Glucosamine and the joint-health boom Key Takeaways ▸ Glucosamine is an amino sugar the body uses to build and maintain cartilage. ▸ The classic source is shellfish shells, which carry a shellfish-allergen flag. ▸ Bovine cartilage and con... Pharma Prices & Markets Rendering 9 jul 2026
Raphael Carmo · Managing Partner, 4D World Collagen's $26 billion gold rush Key Takeaways ▸ The global collagen market was worth US$11.4 billion in 2025. ▸ Forecasters see 10.9% annual growth lifting collagen to $26.2 billion by 2033. ▸ Europe is the largest region, at 35.3% ... Pharma Prices & Markets Rendering 11 jun 2026
Raphael Carmo · Managing Partner, 4D World Bovine trachea and the billion-dollar cartilage economy Key Takeaways ▸ Chondroitin sulfate anchors a ~$1.2bn market in 2025, ~$1.3bn in 2026 ▸ The market is projected to reach $1.7bn by 2033 at 3.8% CAGR ▸ Bovine sources supply 37.9% of chondroitin ▸ Nutr... Pharma Prices & Markets Rendering 21 may 2026
